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usurpation of Georgia; and it must be admitted that the Georgia claim is not unworthy of such an origin. Let us see what the historian Robertson says of this same papal bull. The king & queen of Spain having fitted out a second expedition for Columbus, the historian says, "But formidable and well provided as this fleet was, Ferdinand and Isabella did not rest their title to the profusion of the newly discovered countries upon it's operation alone. The example of the Portuguese, as well as a the superstition of the age, made it necessary to obtain from the Roman pontiff a grant of those territories which they wished to occupy. The pope, as the vicar and representative of Jesus Christ, was supposed to have a right of dominion over all of the kingdoms of the earth. Alexander VI, a pontiff infamous for every crime which disgraces humanity, filled the papal throne at that time. As he was born Ferdinand's subject, and very solicitous to procure the protection of Spain, in order to facilitate the execution of his ambitious schemes in favour of his own family, he was extremely willing to gratify the Spanish monarch. By an act of liberality which cost him nothing, and that strikeout: seemed served to establish the jurisdiction & pretensions of the Papal see, he granted in full right to Ferdinand & Isabella all the countries which they had discovered or should discover, and in virtue of that power which he derived from Jesus Christ, he conferred on the crown of Castille vast regions, to the possession of which he was so far from having any title, that he was unacquainted with their situation, and ignorant, even, of their existence. As it was necessary to prevent this grant from interfering with that formerly made to the crown of Portugal, he appointed that a line, supposed to be drawn from pole to pole, a hundred leagues to the west of the Azores, should serve as a limit between them; and, in the plenitude of his power, bestowed all to the east of this imaginary line upon the Portuguese, and strikeout: to all to the west of it, upon the Spaniards." Such is the pure and respectable fountain from which this author deduces