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to take part with the President in frustrating a solemn judgment of that high tribunal. If it were a mere speculation of a private individual on the soundness of the court's opinion, to be followed by no practical consequences, there would be no objection to the paper, couched as it is in decent and respectful language. Every individual in the community has the right to express and publish his opinions, in such language, on the soundness of an opinion of that or any other tribunal. But the paper changes its aspect when it is regarded as an executive paper, intended to prepare the public mind for the refusal of that officer to carry into effect the law of the land, as it has been pronounced by the Constitutional tribunal. The paper acquires still more awful consequence, by comparing it with the other parts of the President's conduct in relation to this same Indian controversy. The President of the United States has already refused to extend to the Cherokee Nation that guaranty of their lands and that protection to their persons which have been stipulated by a succession of treaties, regularly made with them by preceding Presidents, and solemnly ratified by the Senate of the United States; the only reason or apology offered for such refusal being that assigned by his official organ (the late Secretary of War) that those treaties are not binding on the United States. President Washington, on the contrary, considered them as binding, and declared in a public message to the Senate that he would employ the power vested in him by the Constitution of the United States to protect the Indians in the rights secured to them by those treaties. All his successors, down to the year 1829, have done the same thing; and two of them have, on several occasions, actually employed the military force of the United States in repelling the the pretentions of Georgia, and giving full and faithful effect to those treaties. The Congress of the United States, too, not doubting the obligation of those treaties, has been continually making laws in execution of them, which will stand upon our statute books, and are enforced by our courts. Thus every branch of our government, ever since the adoption of the Constitution, has uniformly, continually, unanimously concurred in asserting, by the most solemn acts, the validity and obligation of these treaties. But President Jackson, without ceremony or hesitation, sets them aside as obsolete, and thus, by his single fiat, annuls