12021-04-19T16:56:03+00:00Newberry DIS09980eb76a145ec4f3814f3b9fb45f381b3d1f0221View at Internet Archiveplain2021-04-19T16:56:03+00:00Newberry DIS09980eb76a145ec4f3814f3b9fb45f381b3d1f02
Indian activism was sparked by attempts at assimilation through education and federal policies during the so-called Progressive Era (ca. 1890-1920). The concept of the “vanishing Red Man” provoked the founding of the Society of American Indians, an advocacy and reform group, in 1911. But even U.S. citizenship, granted to American Indians after 1924, did not protect them from coerced relocation to urban centers after World War II. However, this relocation planted the seeds for an Indian civil rights movement, and Chicago's American Indian Center became the first of its kind in 1953.
