.MTM1OA.MTE0ODM2

81 takes the frame down the mats are secured with each removal but a new framework is always set up. upon this frame work is then tied with basswood twine. a tier of the "Apakua-shknc iag" or cat tail reed mats at that portion of the frame which is retied or nearly so. These mats are close enough in texture to exclude rain and snow when it falls upon them vertically, but they are not of course impermeable to water being lighter and very easily made than the birch bark mats they are obviously used when it is possible. On top of this tier of reed mats is one or more tiers of mats made of birch bark as described the birch bark mats are tied with bass wood fiber and are arranged like shingles of a roof the top row over laps the one beneath it. The ridge of the wigwam is left open for the exit of smoke from the fire. some wigwams have the ridge partially closed as in bad weather then an extra mat or piece of birch bark is tied over the apex of the roof at the ends the[?] being open. There is a wide difference between the wigwam of the Ojibway and the tepee of the Dakota. the wigwam is a loose sieve like structure so far as the air is concerned. it is essentially loose jointed and certainly the ventilation is perfect. The inmate does not freeze in winter for the reason that his country abounds with wood and fires are plenty and are made so large that even in the coldest weather the occupants find relief in a quantity of fresh air from outside. and in the spring of the year when the maple sap is being boiled the heat in the wigwam is insufferable. The internal construction of the wigwam is similar to that of the "Ona ge h o ga meg" or "Bark house" which will be described further on. The camp is arranged for boiling Maple sap is described and shown in Chapter IV.

  The  "Ona ge h o ga meg" Bark home is a more permanent structure and is like the house of the white man made to stay and once built it is not to be removed & naturally such houses are only made in the permanent villages, or when the family intend to reside for some time and it is no easy matter for a family to remove a mile or two from the village, select a spot near a lake. which will supply plenty of food and fur and set up housekeeping with the intention of staying.  The frame of such a house is made of poles about three or four inches in diameter planted firmly in the ground in a rectangular form.  The form of the frame is like that of the celito marie gallo house but with the difference that the indian frame