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79 The first tier of mats is made of the leaves of "ApaKwa ish kwa" "grass to make roof covering" the cat Tail flag (Typha latifolia) or "Reed Mace" this plant is common in all northern localities The leaves are pulled in the Summer when they have obtained their full growth, tied in small bundels of about three or four inches in diameter and dried in the air. when dry enough a mat ten feet six inches long and four feet two and and one half inches wide is made by suspending a cord of Bass wood between two supports and then taking a leaf of the flag, bending the butt over the base wood cord and tying it with a second pair of twine. a second leaf is similarly treated lending the butt over from the other side. the apex of the leaf or flag is allowed to hang down. With a needle of a length of eleven and a half inches in length bass reed twine is threaded through the leaves of the rush at intervals to hold them together. commencing from the tip and reaching toward the bottom or lower edge of the mat when a given part is readied as the apex of the leaf a second tier of leaves as sewed in beginning at their apex and sewing downward toward the butt. the twine passing through the flat sides of two contiguous reeds. The bottom being reached the butts are cut off even and the edges are secured by tying each of the strands of cord to a thin stick about half an inch in thickness and a little longer than the width of the mat. This mat when well made, is quite compact and an applied sewer has excellent purpose in keeping the wigwam dry and in a degree warmer. The upper tiers of covering for the wig-was-i-gam-ig are made of ? of brush lash plates. The complete mat is twelve feet long and three feet eight inches wide. made of plates one feet seven inches wide and three feet eight inches long. the width of the plates depends upon the girth of the tree. The plates are sewed together with the outer face of the plate outside and the innner inside. The ends are strengthened with narrow strips of cedar. "Thiya Accidentalis" "Arbor Vitae." of the breadth of one and a quarter inches and a thickness of a quarter of an inch. These are laced to the terminal plates at the outer edge, which is reinforced by a narrow piece of birch bark by strips cut from the rest of the Jack or white pine (sev caneo) The plates are sewed together with the same material and when the lines of union are parallel with the lines of closage the sewing is in a straight line back and front. When the line of union is ? to the closage the stitches are put in alternate to break Joint. A sufficient number of the "Apa kul Hikna iag" reed mats for camp and beside ? mats having been provided the camp is set up.