.MTM1OA.MTE0ODEy

58 is allowed at the ends to project a few inches below the board which when the child is laid down raises the head end and serves as a pillow. There is no downy couch and soft pillow for the head of the infant indian he is to become used to the regime of the elements and the sooner he gets used to them the better and he certainly begins right early. At the head end of the board is a strip which suspends the pappoose, cradle and all from a tree or crotch in frame of the Wigwam or teepee or the mother's head and at times the pommel of a saddle. The Ojibway cradle is from Lac du Flambeau Wisconsin.

  The Dakota pappoose board is an elaborately beaded affair and consists of a "frame" and a "bonnet".  the frame is composed of four sticks of wood. (In the Dakota country wood is very scarce and we find that it is sparingly used.)  these are secured together in a rectangular form with a thong of buckskin and ornamented with brass headed nails. probably in former times the frame had other ornament but we never saw a frame that did not have brass nails about it somewhere.   The bonnet is a pair of buffalo hides dress to softness and made in the form of a U open at the lower end.  It forms a bed and sides.  the top being rounded.   This bonnet is elaborately beaded also over the extension.  In this case the ground work is white and the figures ? dark blue, yellow, red and light blue.   Around the head is bent a strap of rawhide that keeps the sides of the bonnet rigid and prevents annoyance to the child.  a small quilt or cushion is placed at the back upon the frame.  wrapped in skins or rags the pappoose is placed in this cradle and by means of the buckskin thongs the sides are tied together and he is a prisoner till released. and they are seldom released.  hour by hour in fact day after day the little fellow is confined in his narrow bed.  he cannot move a limb absolutely. all that is left for him is to sleep. and if awake look right ahead and groan.  His nourishment is administered to him in his cradle the squaw taking the pappoose load and contents under her arm, nurses the infant through the arm hole of her dress.  This done he is hung up again or stood up in a corner.  At the crow agency in Montana we have seen little indians in their pappoose boards standing against the wall of the agency in the broiling sun. their eyes watering from the effect of the strong light without a particle of shade and the dogs licking their faces and they powerless, yet, not a wimper escaped them.  It is popularly supposed that the indian baby is not allowed to cry, and,