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judges , or the supreme court, shall suffer death, and any of the circuit judges aforesaid, are authorized to call a court for the trial of any such person or persons so transgressing. Be it further resolved that any person or persons who shall violate the provisions of this act, and shall refuse by resistance, to appear at the place designated for tryal, or abscond are hereby declared to be out laws, and any person or persons, citizens of this nation may kill him or them, so offending, in any manner most convenient, within the limits of this nation, and shall not be held accountable to the laws for the same.

    Be it further resolved, that if any citizen or citizens of this nation shall enter into a treaty with the United States government for any object whatever other than a cession of land, he or they upon consideration, shall be punished with one hundred lashes on the bare back and no treaty shall be binding upon this nation which shall not have been notified by the general council, and certified -lined out approved by the principal chief of the nation,
    "New Echota, October 26th 1829,
        Approved, 27th October 1829"
                         Signed John Ross, etc.

It is said that John Ridge wrote the preamble, and out lines of the above law, and that Maj. Ridge, as speaker of the council, called the council together, & by an appropriate speech called their attention to the law, saying, if he himself should violate it, its penalty must be inflicted on him or to that effect. Now as those who made the New Echota treaty, were supposed to visit the authorities of the nation, by bringing in the force of the United States, and thus rendering it impossible for the nation to assign them before a court of justice, they were considered out laws, to be put to death, by any citizen of the nation, within her own limits, in the most convenient manner, On this ground, therefore, the family judges of each of the leading persons in the treaty, delivered them over to die. This whole business, however, was kept secret from the two principal chiefs, unknown word lined out and unknown word lined out perhaps, also from such other chiefs as would probably have 109